AccScience Publishing / GPD / Volume 1 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/gpd.v1i1.78
PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE

Constructing human genetic disease database in Bangladesh

Fariya Akter1 Yusha Araf2 Saeed Anwar3 Mohammad Jakir Hosen2* Chunfu Zheng4,5*
Show Less
1 Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
3 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
4 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
5 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Submitted: 28 April 2022 | Accepted: 22 June 2022 | Published: 29 June 2022
© 2022 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

In the advent of technological revolution, genetic interaction has become a crucial aspect in the understanding of any diseases. Information on individual genetic variation is now used in translational genomics to implement precise diagnosis and personalized medicine. Finding causal genes for genetic diseases or exploring interaction of genes in diseases with genetic predisposition is the first step to getting insights into such diseases. The human genome project made a paradigm shift in thinking, especially in the developed countries affected by non-communicable diseases. Some cutting-edge technologies, including gene therapy and genome editing, hold the promise in better diagnosis and treatment of common to rare genetic diseases. Scientific communities are trying hard to accumulate all the genetic disease information from publicly available platforms. A genetic disease database of a country serves as a depository. Many developed and a few developing countries have already developed genetic disease databases, which could benefit early diagnosis and proper patient management. Unfortunately, Bangladesh is lagging behind in this aspect. It is imperative to develop genetic disease database in Bangladesh because of its large population of patients with genetic disease. In this review, we discuss the reasons for constructing a genetic disease database and how this database can help to fight against challenges arising from the genetic diseases in Bangladesh.

Keywords
Genetic disease
Database
Bangladesh
References
[1]

Khan JA, Trujillo AJ, Ahmed S, et al., 2015, Distribution of chronic disease mortality and deterioration in household socioeconomic status in rural Bangladesh: An analysis over a 24-year period. Int J Epidemiol, 44(6): 1917–1926. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv197

[2]

Pradhan S, Sengupta M, Dutta A, et al., 2011, Indian genetic disease database. Nucleic Acids Res, 39: D933–D938. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1025

[3]

Stranneheim H, Wedell A, 2016, Exome and genome sequencing: A revolution for the discovery and diagnosis of monogenic disorders. J Intern Med, 279(1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12399

[4]

De Maria Marchiano R, Di Sante G, Piro G, et al., 2021, Translational Research in the Era of Precision Medicine: Where We Are and Where We Will Go. J Pers Med, 11(3): 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030216

[5]

Jamaluddine Z, Sibai AM, Othman S, et al., 2016, Mapping genetic research in non-communicable disease publications in selected Arab countries: First step towards a guided research agenda. Health Res Policy Syst, 14: 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-016-0153-9

[6]

Rost S, Fregin A, Ivaskevicius V, et al., 2004, Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2. Nature, 427(6974): 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02214

[7]

Roy A, Shengeila L, 2016, A review on situation of congenital disorders and access to community genetics services in Bangladesh. Ann Clin Lab Res, 4(2): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100099

[8]

Kumar P, Radhakrishnan J, Chowdhary MA, et al., 2001, Prevalence and patterns of presentation of genetic disorders in a pediatric emergency department. Mayo Clin Proc, 76(8): 777–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)63220-5 

[9]

Anwar S, Taslem Mourosi J, Arafat Y, et al., 2020, Genetic and reproductive consequences of consanguineous marriage in Bangladesh. PLoS One, 15(11): e0241610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241610

[10]

Hosen MJ, Anwar S, Taslem Mourosi J, et al., 2021, Genetic counseling in the context of Bangladesh: Current scenario, challenges, and a framework for genetic service implementation. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 16(1): 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-01804-6

[11]

Khan S, Akter S, Goswami B, et al., 2021, Whole genome mapping and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of four Bangladeshi individuals and their functional significance. BMC Res Notes, 14(1): 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05514-x

[12]

Akter H, Hossain MS, Dity NJ, et al., Whole exome sequencing uncovered highly penetrant recessive mutations for a spectrum of rare genetic pediatric diseases in Bangladesh. NPJ Genomic Med, 6(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-021-00173-0

[13]

Tahsin T, Zabeen N, Salsabil N, et al., 2020, Skeletal dysplasia: A series of five cases of Bangladesh demonstrating classical achondroplasia. Int J Biosci, 16(3): 384–388. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/16.3.384-388

[14]

Hamid F, Roy PC, 2013, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder improved with Methylphenidate: A case report. Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hosp Med Coll J, 12(2): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.11566/cmoshmcj.v12i2.41

[15]

Hasan CM, Islam M, Mahib MR, et al., 2016, Prevalence and assessment of biochemical parameters of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder children in Bangladesh. J Basic Clin Pharm, 7(3): 70. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.183261

[16]

Newaz F, Jashimuddin J, Nuery N, et al., 2019, A case of adrenoleucodystrophy: Newer challenge to rehabilitation. Bangladesh Med J, 48(2): 48–50. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i2.51294

[17]

Mondol MB, Siddiqui MM, Wahab L, et al., 2010, Adrenoleukodystrophy: A rare case report. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 28(3): 189–192. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6514

[18]

Kundu GK, Rahman MM, Amin MR, et al., 2015, Adrenoleukodystrophy: Two case reports. Bangladesh Med J, 44(3): 168–171. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v44i3.27379 

[19]

Rahman MH, Khan MK, Miah MA, et al., 2012, Bart’s syndrome: A rare genetic disorder. Community Based Med J, 1(2): 48–50. https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i2.13863

[20]

Hossain K, Badruddoza M, 2013, Bardet-Bidel syndrome: A case report. Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hosp Med Coll J, 12(3): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v12i3.16719

[21]

Haque MM, Shultana K, Matin TB, et al., 2019, Laurence- Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A case report. Paediatr Indones, 59(6): 349–52. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi59.6.2019.349-52

[22]

Nabi MM, Pathan MF, Barua M, 2019, Bardet Biedl Syndrome: A case report. BIRDEM Med J, 9(2): 162–164. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v9i2.41284

[23]

Ahmed SN, Shahin MA, Chowdhury R, et al., 2015, A 13-year-old female with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome - A case report. Bangladesh J Med, 26(1): 31–34. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v26i1.25651

[24]

Wahiduzzaman M, Rahim MA, Iftekhar M, 2018, Bardet- Biedl syndrome: A case report. BIRDEM Med J, 8(2): 184–186. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i2.36661 

[25]

Bhuiyan ZA, 2021, Sudden cardiac death and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: What genetic medicine could offer. Cardiovasc J, 13(2): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i2.52963 

[26]

Rahman M, Bhuiyan AK, Islam A, 2018, Cutis Laxa syndrome : A rare genetic disorder of elastolysis. Dhaka Shishu Hosp J, 34: 59–62. https://doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v34i1.51831

[27]

Fatmi LE, Haque MS, Mollah AH, et al., 2021, Cutis laxa: A case report and an update. Mymensingh Med J, 19(1): 137–41.

[28]

Yasmin A, Janan N, Akhter R, 2009, Assessment of colour blindness and erythrocyte G6PD enzyme status among the school children of Dhaka City. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol, 4(2): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4175

[29]

Islam MS, Roy P, Shehreen S, 2016, Prevalence of colour blindness in young Bangladeshis. Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci, 25(2): 201–205. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v25i2.46342

[30]

Rahman MM, Fatema K, 2021, Case report of cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome with novel mutation of SLC6A8 gene in a male child in Bangladesh. J Genet Med, 18(1): 44–47. https://doi.org/10.5734/JGM.2021.18.1.44

[31]

Kabir MA, Deepa ZS, Zubery MH, 2020, Crouzon syndrome - A case report of rare genetic disorder with review of literature. Bangladesh J Radiol Imaging, 28(2): 98–101.

[32]

Kibtiar M, Akther R, Islam MM, et al., Congenital hypotrichosis simplex: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 43(1): 59–61. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i1.41219

[33]

Fatema K, Rahman MM, Akhter S, 2020, Cockayne syndrome with ERCC8 gene mutation: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 44(3): 181–183. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v44i3.52713

[34]

Mohammed FR, Chowdhury F, Nur Z, et al., 2010, A case of 25 year old dwarf with Classic Cockayne syndrome. J Med, 11(2): 186–188. https://doi.org/10.3329/jom.v11i2.5470

[35]

Barua R, Ahmed DS, Raihan A, et al., 2010, Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Med, 21(2): 58–59. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13611

[36]

Alam MR, Habib MS, Rahman MA, et al., 2009, Christmas disease (hemophilia –B) – A case report. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ J, 2(2): 90–91. https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i2.4766

[37]

Karim B, 2004, Cystic fibrosis in a Bangladeshi child. Mymensingh Med J, 13(2): 206–208.

[38]

Kabir AL, Roy S, Habib RB, et al., Cystic fibrosis diagnosed using indigenously wrapped sweating technique: First large-scale study reporting socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory features among the children in Bangladesh a lower middle income country. Glob. Pediatr Health, 7: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X20967585

[39]

Sharmin F, Begum S, Jahan I, et al., 2020, Down syndrome with disorder of sex development (DSD): A rare presentation. Bangladesh J Child Health, 44(1): 48–51. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v44i1.49698

[40]

Haque ZS, Jahan N, Raha BK, et al., 2016, Transient acute myeloid leukemia in a newborn with down syndrome. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 34(4): 213–217. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v34i4.32489

[41]

Ahsan MK, Khan MM, Islam MN, 2020, Familial case of Darier’s disease: A rare genodermatosis. Bangladesh Crit Care J, 8(1): 55–57. https://doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v8i1.47711

[42]

Amin MR, Borua CC, Alam KS, et al., 2009, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Family in a Crisis. J Med, 10 (Suppl 1): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.3329/jom.v10i3.2015 

[43]

Alam M, Barua B, Mowla MR, et al., 2011, Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: A case report. J Chittagong Med Coll Teach Assoc, 22(1): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v22i1.9113

[44]

Rahman F, Akhter N, Hossain S, et al., 2012, A case of Trisomy 18: Twenty five weeks Pregnancy With Congenital Anomalies. J Med Sci Res, 18(1): 53–57.

[45]

Begum R, 2019, A case report on Edward syndrome. J Clin Case Rep, 9(12): 10001305.

[46]

Nazme NI, Sultana J, Chowdhury RB, 2016, Escobar syndrome - A case report in a Newborn. Bangladesh J Child Health, 39(1): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v39i1.28359

[47]

Das AC, Azad MT, Chowdhury JF, 2016, “Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 40(3): 179–182. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v40i3.33061

[48]

Sultana A, Hanif M, Muinuddin G, 2021, “Frasier syndrome: A rare disorder in a patient with Nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr Nephrol, 9(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.22037/jpn.v9i1.32422 

[49]

Nahar BS, 2014, Fraser syndrome: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 38(2): 98–100. 

[50]

De S, Halder S, Samanta S, 2015, A rare case of familial chylomicronemia in a two and half month old boy. IOSR J Dent Med Sci Ver IX, 14(10): 48–50. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-141094850

[51]

Begum NN, Sarker M, 2019, A rare disease of familial chylomicronemia syndrome in a 20 days infant. J Armed Forces Med Coll Bangladesh, 15(1): 107–109. https://doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v15i1.48658

[52]

Haque MS, Fatmi L, Alam Chowdhury MS, 2012, Familial hypophosphatemic rickets - A case report and review of literature. Bangladesh J Child Health, 34(2): 73–75. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v34i2.10222

[53]

Aziz MA, Chowdhury MU, Khan R, et al., 2017, Fanconi anaemia - A rare case report. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull, 42(3): 147–149. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v42i3.32228

[54]

Rahman A, Ahmed MU, Islam AK, et al., 2012, A young male with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Saudi Hear Assoc, 24(4): 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsha.2012.06.264

[55]

Dutta B, Islam A, Ullah M, et al., 2014, Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia with valvular aortic stenosis and significant coronary artery disease: A case report. Cardiovasc J, 6(2): 180–183. https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i2.18365

[56]

Rahman MM, Shourov MM, Saha D, et al., 2017, A 7 year old girl with anemia and massive hepatosplenomegaly. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Uni J, 10: 49–54. https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i1.34007

[57]

Rahman F, Sayeed SJ, Rahman S, et al., 2019, Gaucher’s disease - A rare cause of massive splenomegaly. J Med, 20(2): 98–101. https://doi.org/10.3329/jom.v20i2.42011

[58]

Islam MS, Sarwar-e-Alam A, Ahmad F, 2009, Gaucher’s disease - A case of huge hepatosplenomegaly clinically confused with Kala Azar: Case report and review of the literature. Bangladesh J Pathol, 24(2): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpath.v24i2.4115

[59]

Hassan MK, Saha AK, Kundu LC, et al, 2017, Glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A case report. Faridpur Med Coll J, 12(1): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v12i1.33491

[60]

Al‐Mamun MM, Sarker SK, Qadri SK, et al., 2016, Examination of Huntington’s disease with atypical clinical features in a Bangladeshi family tree. Clin Case Rep, 4(12): 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.743

[61]

Islam Z, Hasan MI, Mohammad QD, 2020, Huntington’s disease in Bangladesh. Lancet Neurol, 19(8): 644–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30216-7

[62]

Mahmud R, Habib M, 2017, Huntington’s disease with retinitis pigmentosa – A case report. Faridpur Med Coll J, 12(1): 50–52. https://doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v12i1.33492

[63]

Uddin M, Rahman M, Rahman M, et al., Clinico-pathological study on haemophilia: An analysis of 50 cases. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 24(2): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v24i2.148

[64]

Begum S, Islam MM, Hafiz-Al-Mamun M, et al., 2013, Haemophilic arthropathy presenting as JIA: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 36(3): 156–158. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14290

[65]

Rahman SA, Akhter S, Bayes F, et al., 2012, Hajdu-Cheney syndrome: First case report from Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Child Health, 36(2): 98–100. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i2.13086.

[66]

Daraz ZH, Mazumder AB, Rahman SA, 2017, Hutchinson- Gilford progeria syndrome. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ J, 10(2): 109. https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i2.32707

[67]

Fatema K, Rahman M, Akhter S, et al., 2013, Hereditary spastic paraplegia-report of 2 cases in a family. Bangladesh J Child Health, 37(2): 127–129. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17270

[68]

Mizanur R, Kanij F, Shahidullah M, 2018, Incidence of inborn errors of metabolism in sick neonates in a tertiary care hospital in developing country. J Pediatr Neurol Neurosci, 2(1): 2018. https://doi.org/10.36959/595/402

[69]

Das A, Cader FA, Mayedah R, 2015, A young male with recurrent chest infections and clubbing. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 33(1): 55–57. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v33i1.28006 

[70]

Basak P, Islam MN, Sarkar BC, et al., 2015, Kartagener’s syndrome: A case report. TAJ J Teach Assoc, 28(1): 45–47. https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v28i1.39069

[71]

Chowdhury J, Ghoshal L, Bannerjee S, 2017, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans in a female child - A rare presentation. Bangladesh J Med Sci, 16(4): 591–593. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i4.33617

[72]

Khan M, Moniruzzaman M, Akhter Z, et al., 2018, An analysis of cytogenetic and clinical phenotype of Klinefelter syndrome over 17 years. BIRDEM Med J, 8(2): 126–131. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i2.36642

[73]

Naher BS, 2015, Larsen syndrome in a newborn. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 33(1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v33i1.28005

[74]

Hussain M, 2019, Current status and challenges for LSDs in Bangladesh. J Pediatr Neonatal Care, 9(1): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2019.09.00368

[75]

Absar MN, Hossain MI, Zaman M, 2012, A family with marfanoid features and cardiac anomaly inconsistent with Marfan syndrome. Bangladesh J Child Health, 34(3); 118–121. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v34i3.10363

[76]

Rahaman MF, Chowdhury MM, Haque R, et al., 2015, Marfan’s syndrome with dissecting aortic aneurysm - A case report. Univ Hear J, 10(1): 39–41. https://doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v10i1.24598

[77]

Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharjee S, 2014, A 50-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome. J Enam Med Coll, 4(1): 60–64.

[78]

Islam KA, Rahman MM, Akhter S, et al., 2009, Mitochondrial encephalo-myopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like syndrome (MELAS): A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 33(3): 111–113. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5692

[79]

Daisy S, Sayeed SN, Mohammad QD, et al., 2008, Different types of myotonic muscle disorders at Dhaka Medical Collage Hospital. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 26(3): 121–123. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4194

[80]

Kundu GK, Ahmed S, Akhter S, et al., 2019, Pattern of presentation of neurocutaneous syndromes in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Child Health, 43(1): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i1.41211

[81]

Haque MS, Ahmed RU, Rahman MM, 2009, Noonan’s syndrome of a 25 years old female. Bangladesh J Med Sci, 8(3): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v8i3.3986 

[82]

Rahman RR, Begum S, 2014, Osteogenesis imperfecta: A case report. Bangladesh Med J, 43(1): 30–32. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21376

[83]

Tabib S, Halim M, Islam M, 1996, Osteopetrosis - A case report. Bangladesh J Med Sci, 3(1): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8224

[84]

Barua M, Rashid M, Rouf MA, et al., Pachydermoperiostosis: A rare genetic disorder. BIRDEM Med J, 8(2): 181–183. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i2.36652

[85]

Bhuiyan MR, Ali NF, Sultana A, et al., 2012, A primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or pachydermoperiostosis. Mymensingh Med J, 21(3): 557–61.

[86]

Ahmmed MF, Shazzad MN, Ferdous S, et al., 2017, Polyarthritis is a rare manifestation of pachydermoperiostosis: A case report. Mymensingh Med J, 26(4): 939–943.

[87]

Mone FH, Roy K, Hasan GZ, et al., Peutz-Jeghars’ syndrome, a rare genetic disorder: A case report. J Med Res Health Sci, 3(7): 1029–1032. https://doi.org/10.15520/jmrhs.v3i7.221

[88]

Hanif A, Hasina K, Hassan MK, et al., 2010, Two case reports of Peutz Jegher’s syndrome. J Paediatr Surg Bangladesh, 1(1): 77–79. https://doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19471

[89]

Anwar S, Kamal N, Khanom R, et al., 2019, Recurrent abdominal pain in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: A case report. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 37(3): 160–164. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v37i3.41739

[90]

Sultana S, Hossain ML, Parvin MN, 2020, Pattern and treatment of Parkinson’s disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: A hospital based survey. Int J Sci Rep, 6(4): 139. https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20201269

[91]

Biswas RS, Khan MH, 2013, A young Bangladeshi male with porphyria cutanea tarda. J Case Rep, 3(2): 259–261. https://doi.org/10.17659/01.2013.0061

[92]

Chowdhury MK, Chakrabortty R, Gope S, 2015, Poland’s syndrome: A case report and review of literature. J Pak Med Assoc, 65(1): 87–9.

[93]

Hossain HT, Khandaker MA, Islam QT, et al., 2018, Poland syndrome - A rare congenital condition. J Bangladesh Coll Physicians Surg, 36(4): 166–169. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v36i4.38186

[94]

Kibtiar M, Parvin R, Talukder MK, et al., 2019, Spinal muscular atrophy type 3: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 43(3): 183–187. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i3.49580

[95]

Khan WA, Banu B, Amin S, et al., 2005, Prevalence of Beta thalassemia trait and Hb E trait in Bangladeshi school children and health burden of thalassemia in our population. Dhaka Shishu Hosp J, 21(1): 1–7.

[96]

Pervin S, Sultana H, Ahmed T, et al., 2021, Knowledge and awareness regarding premarital screening of β-thalassemia among undergraduate students in Bangladesh. J Curr Med Res Opin, 4(1): 730–737. https://doi.org/10.15520/jcmro.v4i01.379

[97]

Rahman MM, Khan L, 2017, Co-inheritance of α- and β-thalassemia in a Bangladeshi family. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ J, 10(2): 123. https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i2.32708

[98]

Siddiqui MR, Siddiqui FM, 2012, A man with leonine facies. BMJ Case Rep, 2012, bcr1020115057. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.10.2011.5057

[99]

Khan M, Uzzaman MM, Tasnim S, et al., 2018, Phenotypic distribution of turner syndrome in Bangladesh: An analysis of 446 cases phenotypic distribution of turner syndrome in Bangladesh: An Mansura Khan Mohammad Moniruzzaman Sadia Tasnim Zarina Akhter. Int J Sci Res, 7(6): 17-19.

[100]

Mahtab H, Akhtaruzzaman M, Rezwan S, 1984, Human cytogenetical case report of Turner’s syndrome. Report-I. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull, 10(1): 7–12.

[101]

Islam F, Afroza A, Rukunuzzaman M, et al., 2008, Treacher Collins Syndrome - A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 32(1): 33–36. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v32i1.6011

[102]

Rahman A, Islam AM, Husnayen S, 2012, Recurrent deep vein thrombosis due to thrombophilia. Korean Circ J, 42(5): 345. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2012.42.5.345

[103]

Nahar N, Sultana S, Chowdhury M, et al., 2013, A girl with ulcerative colitis in a tertiary care hospital - A case report. Pulse, 6(1–2): 53–56. https://doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20352

[104]

Choudhury T, Jahan S, Kamal M, et al., 2012, Von Hippel- Lindau disease in a pregnant lady. Mymensingh Med J, 21(1): 184–187.

[105]

Rashid R, Mazumder MW, Karim AB, et al., 2019, von Willebrand Disease, A rare cause of massive upper GI bleeding: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 43(3): 188–191. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i3.49581

[106]

Akhter S, Kabir MS, Majumder S, et al., 2016, Wilson disease in a Bangladeshi child: A case report. Bangladesh Med J, 45(1): 54–56. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v45i1.28969

[107]

Rukunuzzaman M, 2015, Wilson’s disease in Bangladeshi children: Analysis of 100 cases. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr, 18(2): 121–127. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2015.18.2.121

[108]

Islam SS, Cader FA, Haq MM, et al., 2014, Williams Syndrome presenting with supra valvular aortic stenosis: A case report. Ibrahim Card Med J, 4(1): 42–47. https://doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v4i1.52873

[109]

Begum T, Mannan A, Khan MS, et al., 2006, Siblings with xeroderma pigmentosum: A case report. Bangladesh J Child Health, 30: 32–35. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v30i1.6182

[110]

Moniruzzaman A, Absar M, Sarker S, et al., 2005, Xeroderma pigmentosum with squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review. Bangladesh J Child Health, 29(3): 104–106. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v29i3.6189

[111]

Khan MS, Jahan S, Paul SR, et al., 2019, A 19 month old male child with xeroderma pigmentosum – A case report. Int J Clin Dermatol, 2(2): 15–18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcd.20190202.12

[112]

Bangaldesh Thalassemia Foundation. Available from: https://www.thals.org/[Last accessed on 2021 Oct 27]. 

[113]

Ayub Q, Tyler-Smith C, 2009, Genetic variation in South Asia: Assessing the influences of geography, language and ethnicity for understanding history and disease risk. Brief Funct Genomics, 8(5): 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elp015

[114]

Noor FA, Sultana N, Bhuyan GS, et al., 2020, Nationwide carrier detection and molecular characterization of β-thalassemia and hemoglobin E variants in Bangladeshi population. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 15(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-1294-z

[115]

Sultana S, Hossain ML, Parvin MN, 2020, Pattern and treatment of Parkinson’s disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: A hospital based survey. Int J Sci Rep, 6(4): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20201269

[116]

Parkinson’s Disease in Bangladesh. Available from: https:// www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/bangladesh-parkinson-disease [Last accessed on 2021 Aug 14].

[117]

Akhter S, Hussain AH, Shefa J, et al., 2018, Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among the children aged 18-36 months in a rural community of Bangladesh: A cross sectional study. F1000Research, 7: 424. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13563.1

[118]

Autistic Children’s Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh. Available from: http://www.acwf-bd.org/frequency_autism. php [Last accessed on 2021 Aug 14].

[119]

Hussain SM, 2013, Comprehensive update on cancer scenario of Bangladesh. South Asian J Cancer, 2(4): 279–284. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-330X.119901

[120]

Yesmin ZA, Nishat L, Banik D, et al., 2018, Current status in medical genetics: Bangladesh perspective. Ann Int Med Dent Res, 4(6): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.21276/aimdr.2018.4.6.AT3

[121]

Lowrance WW, 2001, The promise of human genetic databases. BMJ, 322(7293): 1009–1010. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7293.1009

[122]

Wall JD, Stawiski EW, Ratan A, et al., 2019, The GenomeAsia 100K Project enables genetic discoveries across Asia. Nature, 576(7785): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1793-z

[123]

Bleich SN, Koehlmoos TL, Rashid M, et al., 2011, Noncommunicable chronic disease in Bangladesh: Overview of existing programs and priorities going forward. Health Policy (New York), 100(2–3): 282–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.09.004 

[124]

Bna.bh. 2022, Bahrain News Agency. Available from: https://www.bna.bh/en/NationalGenome Center hopestocompletegenomeproject second phase by December. aspx [Last accessed on 2022 Mar 07].

[125]

Ngdc.cncb.ac.cn. 2022, Databases - National Genomics Data Center (CNCB - NGDC). Available from: https://ngdc.cncb. ac.cn/databases [Last accessed on 2022 Mar 07]. 

[126]

2022, Available from: https://www.dha.gov.ae/en/[Last accessed on 2022 Mar 07].

[127]

Diana N, 2017, The first modular database of Indonesian genes-associated diseases information. J Theor Appl Inf Technol, 95(6): 2017.

[128]

Motazacker MM, Taherzadeh-Fard E, Husseini Z, et al., 2007, The Iranian human mutation database. Arch Iran Med, 10(3): 372–375. https://doi.org/07103/AIM.0016

[129]

Zlotogora J, van Baal S, Patrinos GP, 2009, The Israeli National Genetic Database. Isr Med Assoc J, 11(6): 373–375.

[130]

Kamada M, Nakatsui M, Kojima R, et al., 2019, MGeND: An integrated database for Japanese clinical and genomic information. Hum Genome Var, 6(1): 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-019-0084-4

[131]

Park MH, Koo SK, Lee JS, et al., 2012, KMD: Korean mutation database for genes related to diseases. Hum Mutat, 33(4): E2332–E2340. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22039

[132]

Halim-Fikri H, Etemad A, Abdul Latif AZ, et al., 2015, The first Malay database toward the ethnic-specific target molecular variation. BMC Res Notes, 8(1): 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1123-y

[133]

Qasim I, Ahmad B, Khan MA, et al., 2018, Pakistan Genetic Mutation Database (PGMD); A centralized Pakistani mutome data source. Eur J Med Genet, 61(4): 204–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.11.015

[134]

Al Kuwari H, Al Thani A, Al Marri A, et al., 2015, The Qatar Biobank: background and methods. BMC Public Health, 15(1): 1208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2522-7

[135]

Tan E, Loh M, Chuon D, et al., 2006, Singapore human mutation/polymorphism database: A country-specific database for mutations and polymorphisms in inherited disorders and candidate gene association studies. Hum Mutat, 27(3): 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20291

[136]

Samarakoon PS, Jayasekara RW, Dissanayake VH, 2011, The Sri Lankan Genome Variation Database. Sri Lanka J Biomed Inform, 2(1): 9. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljbmi.v2i1.2861

[137]

Wei CY, Yang JH, Yeh EC, et al., 2021, Genetic profiles of 103,106 individuals in the Taiwan Biobank provide insights into the health and history of Han Chinese. NPJ Genom Med, 6(1): 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-021-00178-9

[138]

Ruangrit U, Srikummool M, Assawamakin A, et al., 2008, Thailand mutation and variation database (ThaiMUT). Hum Mutat, 29(8): E68–E75. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20787

[139]

Karaca S, Cesuroglu T, Karaca M, et al., 2015, Genetic diversity of disease-associated loci in Turkish population. J Hum Genet, 60(4): 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2015.8

[140]

Tran NH, Vo TB, Nguyen VT, et al., 2020, Genetic profiling of Vietnamese population from large-scale genomic analysis of non-invasive prenatal testing data. Sci Rep, 10(1): 19142. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76245

Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Share
Back to top
Gene & Protein in Disease, Electronic ISSN: 2811-003X Published by AccScience Publishing